Different types of vaccines in COVID-19 treatment

Abstract. The pathogen in charge of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic is the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Follo wing the outbreak, efforts to develop vaccinesbiological products comprised of diverse pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolitesas a successful means of preventing infectious diseases have been stalled. This article concentrates on four distinct vaccine types that target SARS-CoV-2: attenuated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, VLP, and inactivated vaccines. The first vaccines to be developed are inactivated vaccines, which are basically dead pathogens. Although its safety and convenient to prepare, the effectiveness is limited owing to the low pathogenicity. Compared to the inactivated vaccines, the attenuated vaccines are more effective, but the safety is controversial. mRNA vaccines can cause great immune response as a nucleoside pathogen, as well as a protein pathogen after translation. The side effect is significant. VLP, as a pseudo-virus particle, balancing the safety and effectiveness, is another category of vaccines. According to their advantages and disadvantages, a detailed analysis was carried out, which has a certain guiding role for people to know and choose vaccines. Based on this, it also points out the disadvantages of COVID-19 vaccine and provides a basic direction for the scientific research development, design and optimization of vaccine industry in the future.