Applications of Biotechnologies in Carbon Capture and Sequestration

Abstract. Global greenhouse gas concentrations have been steadily increasing without sign of slowing down since industrialization. The most significant greenhouse gas, CO2, has reached an unprecedented peak. CO2-negative emission technologies are a good way to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Among these, bioenergy carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) is considered as a key technology for stabilizing global warming at a low level in the future. This paper reviews biotechnology applications in carbon utilization and carbon sequestration, analyzing their principles, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the current status of the application. Regarding carbon utilization, focus is placed on bioethanol production, biomass combustion power generation and collaborative high-value chemical production from CO2 and biomass. Bioethanol production can effectively reduce costs, enhance energy efficiency in biomass energy utilization, minimize reliance on fossil fuels, and optimize overall carbon utilization. Biomass combustion power generation can mitigate pollutant emissions and decrease carbon emissions from power plants. Collaborative high-value chemical production from CO2 and biomass enables the production of valuable chemicals while reducing the dependence of chemical plants on oil and natural gas as raw materials, thereby expanding CO2 utilization pathway. Regarding carbon sequestration, this paper introduces blue carbon sequestration with its significant long-lasting effects on carbon storage capacity. Additionally, terrestrial carbon sequestration is discussed to highlight its dual benefits of capturing carbon while improving soil properties and promoting crop growth.