Stages of development of the refractory industry in Russia

The stages of the development of the refractory industry in Russia from the creation of the production of refractories in tsarist Russia to the present are given. Separate periods of the industry development are described: pre-war, the period of recovery after the war, the heyday of the refractory industry during the Brezhnev stagnation, development during Gorbachev's perestroika, the collapse of the USSR, privatization and market reforms. The selfless work of employees of refractory enterprises and institutes of refractories is shown, the names of the best managers and qualified specialists are indicated. Ill. 1. Ref. 8.