On Job Profiles Enlargement and Enrichment when Lean and Industry 4.0 Paradigms Meet

Integrating Industry 4.0 technologies in Lean Manufacturing shop floors is reshaping job profiles, emphasising increased task variety and the demand for diverse skills among workers. The conventional perception of operators solely performing specialised tasks is transforming into one where they are viewed as flexible production resources capable of managing a spectrum of activities. The accompanying flexibility necessitates the enlargement and enrichment of skills and responsibilities undertaken by workers on “Digital Lean shop floors”. This research delves into the evolving definitions of “Job Enrichment” and “Job Enlargement” as discerned by Lean Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 experts through a comprehensive Delphi study. The investigation of these concepts holds theoretical and practical significance, as they serve as pivotal techniques in the (re-)design of job profiles. Understanding their current meanings is crucial, given their potential to elevate the motivational levels of workers, enhance job satisfaction, and consequently improve work performance and productivity. This exploration is essential in pursuing socially sustainable factories in the (near-)future, aligning with the transformative goals of Industry 4.0, and emphasising the integral role played by Lean Manufacturing practices in shaping the workforce dynamics of tomorrow.