Evaluation of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to stress factors of the winter period

Relevance . The main grain food crop of the Central Black Earth Region is winter wheat. Annually, the crop occupies 2.2–2.5 million ha in the crops of the region, which is about 20% of all sown areas in the Russian Federation. As a result of the variability of climatic conditions in the region, which adversely affects the quantitative and qualitative indicators of winter wheat grain production, yields and gross grain yields can vary significantly from year to year. Depending on the combination of temperature, soil and air humidity, snow cover and its condition, a set of conditions for overwintering wheat is formed. The purpose of the research is to study and isolate winter — hardy and resistant to damaging factors of the cold season samples of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Moscow region. Methods . The research was carried out in 2021–2023 in the village of Mikhnevo, Moscow region, in the fields of the Department of the gene pool and Plant Bioresources of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Research Center for Horticulture. Results . The objects of research were samples of winter wheat from the World Collection of VIR of domestic and foreign breeding, which were divided into 13 groups depending on the ecological and geographical origin. In 2021–2023, there were insufficiently favorable conditions for overwintering winter soft wheat, the average resistance in the nursery was 5.3 points (50–70% survival rate). A high level of overwintering was noted in the groups of varieties: Belarus (5.7 points), Latvia (5.9 points), Finland (5.6 points). The Danish varieties showed the least resistance to overwintering conditions (4.3 points). A high level of resistance to snow mold was noted in samples from Belarus, Denmark, Norway, Russia and Finland (from 7.0 to 9.0 points).