Assessment of the genetic diversity of sunflower lines of VNIIMK breeding based on multiplex microsatellite analysis

The development of a variety, a hybrid, involves a significant investment of time and money. In this regard, for the development of domestic breeding programmes and to increase the efficiency of the breeding process, it is necessary to attract additional tools. For these purposes, the most effective and widely used are microsatellite DNA markers. Using the multiplex system of microsatellite DNA markers developed by us, it was possible to identify and evaluate the genetic diversity of 28 sunflower lines of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in a short time. The lines studied in this work were developed in different ecological zones of cultivation. DNA was isolated from the axial organs of the dry seed germ using the reagent kit “MagnoPrime Phyto”. Samples were genotyped using 4 multiplex systems consisting of 4–5 primer pairs. Polymerase chain reaction products were separated by capillary electrophoresis under denaturing conditions on a Nanofor-05 genetic analyzer. The selected 18 primer pairs produced 130 alleles, with an average of 7.22 alleles per locus. The effective number of alleles ranged from 2.47 to 6.87. The frequency of all alleles of the polymorphic loci varied from 0.036 to 0.571. The PIC index ranged from 0.59 to 0.86. All the markers studied in this work had high discriminatory potential. The collection of lines showed significant genetic diversity and distances between them. Cluster analysis reflected 100% uniqueness of the studied genotypes bred at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. Structuredness of the lines was observed in the way that paternal and maternal forms of hybrids were placed in different groups according to the degree of genetic affinity.