Multi Scale Evaluation of the Impact of High-Intensity Mining on Vegetation Carbon Sequestration Capacity

This study uses the Shangwan coal mine in Shendong Mine as its research area and evaluates the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP)’s impact in the mining area based on the multi-scale research unit of working face. The probability integral model (PIM) was employed to analyze the characteristics of spatiotemporal variation and mining impact laws of surface vegetation NPP in the entire Shangwan coal mine and working face impact zone. We proposed vegetation NPP impact assessment scheme based on working face and annual mining impact spatiotemporal scales, as well as impact distance and duration evaluation parameters, and multi-scale evaluation results of NPP in the mining area were calculated. (1) The vegetation NPP of the Shangwan coal mine has shown a fluctuating growth trend from 2000 to 2023. The annual average NPP variation value is 98.5–280.7 gC/m2, and the average annual value is 198.8 gC/m2. (2) By analyzing the fourth district impact zone, the impact patterns of the underground mining area, subsidence area, and vegetation NPP above the mining area were revealed for each mining year. (3) From the impact of mining on the 12401 working face in 2018, the mining impact distance on surface vegetation NPP is 300–400 m, and the impact duration is 3–4 years. It reveals that the impact of underground mining on surface vegetation NPP in the entire coal mining area is not significant. The NPP in mining area shows a temporal variation pattern of fluctuating growth and stabilizing trends. The research results have comprehensively revealed the degree and characteristics of underground mining’s impact on surface vegetation from different evaluation scales, providing a basis for effective management of the mining area environment.