COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF LEAVES AND FRUITS IN COTONEASTER MELANOCARPUS AND COTONEASTER MULTIFLORUS

The paper presents the results of anatomo-morphological studies of vegetative (leaves) and generative (fruits) organs of endemic plants of the genus Cotoneaster, black-fruited cotoneaster (Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. ex Btytt) [1] and multifloral cotoneaster (Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge) [2], growing in the foothills of the Zailiyskiy Alatau mountains of the Almaty region, the Republic of Kazakhstan. Species traits of the plants, which make it possible to identify the objects, were determined. Ground parts of both species, collected during the phenological phase of flowering and fruit ripening, were studied. The macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic features allowing the identification of plant raw materials within the framework of pharmacopoeial standardization were determined. The study of promising endemic plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan, expansion of the nomenclature list of sources of biologically active substances, development of pharmaceutical substances and preparations on their basis, as well as their use in modern pharmacy, are promising areas of pharmaceutical research [3]. In the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, foreign medicines have a significant share. The creation and introduction of competitive import-substituting fullcycle medicines from plant substances will contribute to the carrying out of the Comprehensive Plan for the Development of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2025 and the realization of quality and affordable healthcare for every citizen. Within the framework of the research on the Kazakhstani flora, conducted at S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, plants of the genus Cotoneaster were studied [4, 5]. Representatives of the genus Cotoneaster are promising sources of biologically active substances C. melanocarpus Fisch. ex Btytt and C. multiflorus Bunge grow in Almaty region and are used in ethnotraditional medicine as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Infusions and decoctions of cotoneasters are used for gastrointestinal disorders, acute and chronic gastritis, gastroenteritis and diarrhoea [1]. Justification of inclusion of Cotoneaster melanocarpus Fisch. ex Btytt and Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge as plant pharmaceutical substances in the nomenclature of sources of biologically active substances entails the establishment of quality criteria and standardization according to pharmacopoeial requirements.