Evaluation of Cardiac Function in Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a complication of cirrhosis resulting in cardiac dysfunction. It remains poorly characterized in children. The aim of this study was to assess relationship of pre-liver transplant (LT) conventional and novel parameters of biventricular function with post-LT clinical course. This is a retrospective study of pre-LT echocardiograms performed on patients < 18 years of age with cirrhosis at a single center, who received a LT. Demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic data were collected. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis was performed by a single observer using TomTec system. Descriptive data were expressed as mean (SD) and number (%). The relationship between clinical data and echocardiographic variables were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficient. Significance was set at < 0.05. Thirty-five patients (median age 6.5; IQR 14.2 years) underwent LT between 2010 and 2020. Pre-LT diagnosis was biliary atresia in 14 (40%) patients and 7 (20%) patients were listed as status 1A/1B. Their median natural pediatric/model end-stage liver disease score was 13 (IQR 9). Their pre-LT echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular systolic (LV) function by ejection fraction and strain parameters. Right ventricular (RV) function was abnormal in 74% of patients as measured by RV GLS (23 ± 3%). There was correlation between echocardiographic parameters with pre-transplant clinical disease and post-operative LT course (length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation). Children undergoing liver transplant have RV dysfunction as evidenced by abnormal RV GLS on STE. There is echocardiographic parameter correlation between clinical liver disease and post-LT clinical course. This evidence highlights the importance of using novel technology like STE in assessment of children undergoing evaluation for liver transplant.