IMPACTOS E PATOLOGIAS NEUROLÓGICAS ASSOCIADOS À CONTAMINAÇÃO DOS PEIXES DO RIO MADEIRA POR METAIS PESADOS NA REGIÃO NORTE

This article reviews the impacts and neurological pathologies associated with the contamination of fish from the Madeira River by heavy metals, with an emphasis on mercury. The objective was to analyze how the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury affect human health, especially in terms of neurological toxicity. The methodology consisted of a literature review with analysis of observational, experimental and systematic review studies, considering regional and global data on mercury levels in fish and the effects of this metal on the human body. The results indicate that top-trophic fish, such as catfish, have mercury concentrations that often exceed the safety limits for human consumption, established by ANVISA. Methylmercury, the most toxic form of the metal, interferes with the central nervous system, causing cognitive deficits, motor alterations and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Children are particularly vulnerable due to the impact of mercury on neurological development, resulting in irreversible damage in cases of intrauterine exposure. The study reinforces the need for mitigation strategies, such as continuous monitoring of mercury concentrations, encouraging the consumption of lower trophic level species, and strict regulation of mining activities in the region. It is concluded that mercury contamination in the Madeira River is a critical public health issue, requiring interdisciplinary actions that integrate environmental policies, public health, and education to minimize the impacts on human health and the sustainability of the North region.