Exploring the relationships between chronotypes, attachment styles, and mental health in flight attendants

Circadian rhythm-related individual differences such as chronotypes (morningness/eveningness) are associated with mental health though not elucidated in circadian-disrupted populations such as flight attendants. International flight attendants (<i>n</i> = 288) aged 21 to 55 (70.8% female, 76.4% white) completed an online survey assessing chronotypes, attachment, depression, and anxiety to investigate the associations between these variables. Results showed a prevalence of intermediate (41.6%) and evening types (40.6%). Evening chronotype was associated with and significantly predicted depression but not anxiety. Individuals who scored higher in attachment anxiety or avoidance had higher levels of depression and anxiety. Exploratory mediation showed that attachment avoidance partially mediated the relationship between anxiety and depression. Overall, chronotypes and attachment are implied as transdiagnostic factors for mental health outcomes and highlighted using a Chrono-Attachment Health Model. Further research is needed to confirm these findings among flight attendants and shift workers.