Searching for HI around MHONGOOSE galaxies via spectral stacking
The observed star formation rates of galaxies in the Local Universe suggests that they are replenishing their gas reservoir across cosmic time. Cosmological simulations predict that this accretion of fresh gas can occur in a hot or a cold mode, yet the existence of low column density (∼10 17 cm −2 ) neutral atomic hydrogen (H I ) tracing the cold mode has not been unambiguously confirmed by observations. We present the application of unconstrained spectral stacking to attempt to detect the emission from this H I in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) of six nearby star-forming galaxies from the MHONGOOSE sample for which full-depth observations are available. Our stacking procedure consists of a standard spectral stacking algorithm coupled with a one-dimensional spectral line finder designed to extract a reliable signal close to the noise level. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the amount of signal detected outside the H I disk is much smaller than implied by simulations. Furthermore, the column density limit that we achieve via stacking (∼10 17 cm −2 ) suggests that direct detection of the neutral CGM and IGM component might be challenging in the future, even with the next generation of radio telescopes.
Authors
- D. Kleiner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-555X)
- L. Chemin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-7937)
- Fabian Walter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-7880)
- Sushma Kurapati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-5492)
- P. Kamphuis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-6074)
- F. M. Maccagni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-1844)
- D. J. Pisano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-7860)
- F. Bigiel
- Elizabeth A. K. Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9798-5111)
- P. Amram (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-4837)
- A. Sorgho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-8260)
- Kristine Spekkens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-7949)
- W. J. G. de Blok (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-4518)
- E. Athanassoula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-1332)
- Benne W. Holwerda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-6756)
- E. Brinks (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7758-9699)
- Françoise Combes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-7893)
- J. Healy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-8684)
- Nikki Zabel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-5338)
- S. Veronese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-9685)
- O. Ivy Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-3509)
- A. Marasco
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Australia Telescope National Facility (AU)
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Collège de France (FR)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Aix-Marseille Université (FR)
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Clínica Las Condes (CL)
- Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (FR)
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE)
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (IT)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES)
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (IT)
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (AU)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2024-11-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452085
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.01
Funders
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- Fondo Nacional de Innovación y Desarrollo Científico–Tecnológico
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- European Research Council