Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Cucurbita pepo Seed in Modulating Prostatic Biomarkers for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common, progressive urogenital disorder that affects aging men, leading to a range of urinary and sexual health issues. As the incidence of BPH rises with age, the need for effective treatments without significant side effects has become a priority. Currently, available therapies such as 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists, and antifungal drugs offer relief, but often come with limitations due to adverse effects. In recent years, Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) seed has emerged as a potential natural treatment for BPH, with promising evidence suggesting it can modulate key prostatic biomarkers, reduce inflammation, and improve urinary symptoms. This review explores the therapeutic effects of Cucurbita pepo seeds on BPH, focusing on their bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, phytosterols, and antioxidants and their impact on prostatic growth and function. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Cucurbita pepo seed extracts, clinical studies supporting their use, and the implications for incorporating such natural remedies into BPH management. Additionally, the review highlights the public health potential of Cucurbita pepo as a low-cost, sustainable, and patient-friendly option to complement conventional therapies, especially in aging populations. Keywords: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Cucurbita pepo seed, prostate biomarkers, natural treatments and inflammation