Toward personalized cancer management: Role of precision nutrition–diet interventions

Cancer is a major global health challenge, and current treatment modalities, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, are often associated with various adverse effects. Dietary strategies have emerged as potential avenues for attenuating cancer growth, progression, and metastasis in numerous solid tumor models. Early clinical studies suggest that dietary interventions hold promise for improving cancer outcomes. This review examines potential dietary interventions that target specific aspects of tumor metabolism. It first examines research on carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and other interventions, such as vitamins and nutritional supplements, in the context of cancer treatment or management. In addition, it outlines recent developments in cancer interventions involving different dietary patterns and specific dietary restrictions on the basis of preclinical investigations and clinical trials. Finally, this review provides insights into the future prospects of dietary interventions in cancer management. • Using diet as a modality to increase therapy efficiency could be effective in some tumors. • Determining the relationship between dietary interventions and cancer treatment is challenging. • Dietary factors affect how tumor cells metabolize or use nutrients. • Clinical trials are still needed to prove the effectiveness of specific dietary interventions.