Long-term COVID-19 vaccine- and Omicron infection-induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity
While humoral immunity is sensitive to mutations in the S protein and thus declined rapidly, the cell-mediated immunity is durable to antigenic variation, which may explain the good efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against a severe disease.
Authors
- Ilkka Julkunen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-2564)
- Arttu Reinholm (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-1612)
- Pamela Österlund (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-6661)
- Olli Ritvos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-6931)
- Larissa Laine (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-365X)
- Alex‐Mikael Barkoff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-1580)
- Lauri Ivaska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-5032)
- Jemna Heroum
- Alina Iakubovskaia
- Johanna Lempainen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-1468)
- Paula A. Tähtinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-4182)
- Eda Altan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-6986)
- Qiushui He
- Arja Pasternack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-4245)
- Sari Maljanen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-7249)
- Pinja Jalkanen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-4732)
- Milja Belik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-3922)
- Laura Kakkola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9271-4059)
- Pekka Kolehmainen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-8167)
- Rauno Naves (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-0637)
Institutions
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Turku University Hospital (FI)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2024-11-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1494432
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.33
Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö
- Turun Yliopisto
- Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
- Biocenter Finland