Lipoprotein(a) - Its Relevance in Premature CAD

Cardiovascular disease remains an important cause of morbidity and premature mortality globally. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipoprotein(a) is a well-established causal risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD and other conditions. Many recent studies have shown an association between elevated Lp(a) and premature coronary artery disease. Novel therapies to lower Lp(a) have shown promising results in reducing Lp(a) levels significantly. The clinical significance of lowering Lp(a) levels with regards to CVD reduction is yet to be determined. Lp(a) testing can help identify individuals at high risk of CVD by early risk stratification and hence aggressive management of conventional risk factors. In this review we summarize the present status of Lp(a) on its unique atherogenic structure, role as a risk enhancing factor and guidelines on Lp(a) testing. Keywords: Lipoprotein(a); Dyslipidaemia; Atherosclerosis; Inflammation; Coronary Artery Disease