Not Quite Good as New: Elevated Healthcare Utilization Surrounding and After Epilepsy Diagnosis

Not Good as New: Elevated Healthcare Utilization Surrounding and After Epilepsy Diagnosis Berglund M, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Denaxas S, B. Cord Lethebe, Sajobi TT, Engbers JDT, Wiebe S, Josephson CB. Epilepsia . 2024, doi:10.1111/epi.18105. Online ahead of print. Objective: The incidence of late-onset epilepsy (LOE) is rising, and these patients may use an excess of healthcare resources. This study aimed to measure pre-/post-diagnostic healthcare use (HCU) for patients with LOE compared to controls. Methods: This was an observational open cohort study covering years 1998–2019 using UK population-based linked primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]) and hospital (HES) electronic health records. The participants included patients with incident LOE enrolled in CPRD and 1:10 age-, sex-, and general practice-matched controls. The exposure was incident LOE (diagnosed at age ≥65) using a 5-year washout. The main outcome was all HCU (primary care [PC], accident and emergency [A&E], admitted patient and outpatient care) using inverse proportional weighting to PC use and HCU by setting. An interrupted time-series analysis was used to examine pre-/post-diagnostic HCU between patients with LOE and controls over 4 years on either side of the diagnosis/matching date. An adjusted mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used for post-diagnosis HCU interactions. Results: Of 2,569,874 people ≥65 years of age, 1048 (4%) developed incident LOE. Mean weighted total HCU increased by 32 visits per patient-year (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 13–50, p = .003) until LOE diagnosis, and then dropped by a mean of 60 visits per patient-year (95% CI: −81 to −40). There was an acute rise and fall over the 1–2 years immediately after pre-/post-diagnosis. Incident HCU remained higher for LOE compared to controls post-diagnosis (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.65–1.70; p < .001), including A&E, outpatient, and admitted care. Significance: HCU demonstrates an acute on chronic rise over the 4 years before diagnosis of LOE. To what extent the partial reversal of the acute pre-diagnosis rise, and the mediators of the accelerated increase compared to controls are attributed to epilepsy, comorbid and bidirectional disease states, or a combination of both warrants further exploration.