Investigation on the impact of Hall and ion‐slip currents and buoyant force on heat transfer in three dimensional flow of Carreau–Yasuda fluid with multi‐nanoparticles

Abstract This proposed analysis focuses on heat transport in a magneto‐multi‐nano fluid over a vertical surface. The base fluid (ethylene glycol, denoted by EG) containing , and is taken into consideration. The nonuniform magnetic field is imposed perpendicularly to the sheet. The boundary layer governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved by applying bvp4c. The mesh‐free analysis is performed, and the results are confirmed to be correct and accurate. An agreement between present and published data is found. A parametric study is performed to examine the trends in the variation of field variables. Hall and ion‐slip effects play a key role in the prevention of the Joule heating. The buoyancy force arises due to density difference under Boussinesq approximation. This force has assisting or opposing effects on fluid motion provided that flow is in a downward or upward direction, respectively. Heat generation produced by fluids undergoing thermal changes is responsible of the increase in the temperature of the fluid. Therefore, the characteristics of the generation of heat for heat transportation fluid are favorable. However, a heat‐absorbing fluids absorb heat and lower their heat energy because of which temperature of fluid decreases. Hence, the ability of fluid to transport heat increases. Thus, for the best thermal performance of fluid, fluid should be heat‐absorbing. It is noted that wall shear stresses exerted by tri‐nanofluid are higher than wall shear stresses exerted by di‐ and mono‐nanofluids. Moreover, Hall and ion‐slip currents play a remarkable role in reducing the shear stresses on the surface of the fluid. Thus, partially and fully ionized fluids (once fluid is subjected to magnetic field) exert lesser wall shear stress in comparison with the neutral fluid. In the case of positive buoyancy force, the wall shear stresses are decreasing function of the Grashof number. However, wall shear stresses increase in case of opposing buoyancy force.