Saudi Arabia will move forward with nuclear power

Significance Riyadh wants to use nuclear power generation to help manage rapidly rising electricity demand and free hydrocarbons for alternative uses. However, Riyadh's refusal to disavow domestic uranium enrichment has impeded deeper cooperation with the United States on nuclear energy. Washington also wants Riyadh to sign on to the International Atomic Energy Association's (IAEA) Additional Protocol. Impacts Riyadh will boost nuclear-related research and development, in line with its aim of becoming a global leader in new industrial technologies. The government will explore producing nuclear-based hydrogen as part of broader plans to manufacture emissions-free fuel. Riyadh and Washington may postpone Israeli normalisation efforts and focus on bilateral defence and civil nuclear agreements.