An Albumin-Based Amygdalin-Glutaraldehyde Nanoparticle Induces Apoptosis in Oral Cancer KB Cells

Background There is potential for nanotechnology to address the drawbacks associated with conventional cancer therapies. The current study was undertaken to formulate amygdalin-functionalized Albumin-Glutaraldehyde Nanoparticles (AAG-NPs) and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties against oral cancer KB cells. Materials and Methods The AAG-NPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, FT-IR and PL analyses. The well diffusion technique was used to examine the antimicrobial potentials of the AAG-NPs against various pathogens like S. pneumoniae, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, V. cholerae, and C. albicans. The cytotoxicity of AAG-NPs was assessed by MTT assay at various concentrations. Fluorescent staining tests were performed on KB cells treated with AAG-NPs to assess apoptosis. The levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expressions were analyzed using assay kits. Results The various characterization analyses demonstrated the presence of spherical-shaped AAG-NPs with an average particle size of 148.30 nm. The occurrence of various elements and functional groups in AAG-NPs was also observed. The synthesized AAG-NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activities by effectively inhibiting the growth of various pathogens. The treatment of AAG-NPs significantly inhibited the growth of KB cells. As a result of fluorescent staining assays, NP-treated KB cells showed evidence of apoptosis. The AAG-NPs treatment increased apoptotic protein expression in KB cells. Conclusion The current results demonstrate that AAG-NPs inhibit cellular proliferation and induce apoptosis in KB cells. Nevertheless, further study is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying AAG-NPs-induced apoptosis in KB cells.