Multidimensional Measurement and Temporal and Spatial Interaction Characteristics of Rural E-Commerce Development Capacity in the Context of Rural Revitalization

With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, rural e-commerce has become an essential means of promoting rural economic development and increasing farmers’ income. However, the development of rural e-commerce varies significantly among different regions. Based on the perspective of “three rural areas”, this study constructs a rural e-commerce development capability measurement system centered on readiness, utilization, and influence. It adopts a panel vector autoregressive model to identify key influencing factors. Through the exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis (ESTDA) method, the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of rural e-commerce development capacity and the interaction relationship between provinces and regions are revealed. The study shows that (1) China’s rural e-commerce development capacity gained significant improvement from 2011 to 2022, but provincial polarization is evident, with eastern and central provinces leading and western and marginal provinces lagging; the rural e-commerce development capacity shows a decreasing dynamic pattern from the east to the central and western to the northeastern regions. (2) The eastern region has active rural e-commerce development, stable spatial structure, and provincial solid correlation, which creates a significant linkage effect. The western region shows strong internal spatial dependence, the district cross-regional interaction and linkage effect are beginning to emerge, and the northeastern low-development provinces are challenging to leap to a higher level in the short term; (3) the spatiotemporal interaction network of rural e-commerce development among several provinces and regions shows a positive synergistic relationship, and it is an essential consideration for the high-quality development of rural e-commerce to strengthen regional cooperation and realize complementary advantages. The study results provide a theoretical basis for formulating differentiated regional e-commerce development policies, which can help enhance regional synergy and narrow the regional development gap.