The Microsurgical Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Thrombophilia: A Case Report and Literature Review

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies that can present with significant complications, including intracranial hemorrhage. This report presents the case of a 36-year-old female with Prothrombin G20210A mutation-associated thrombophilia, highlighting its potential impact on AVM pathophysiology and management. <b>Methods:</b> The patient presented with a right paramedian intraparenchymal frontal hematoma, left hemiparesis, and seizures. Cerebral angiography identified a ruptured right parasagittal frontal AVM classified as Spetzler-Martin Grade II. A right interhemispheric frontal craniotomy was performed, enabling microsurgical resection of the AVM. Intraoperative findings included evacuation of a subcortical hematoma and excision of a 20 mm AVM nidus with arterial feeders from the A4 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and a single venous drainage into the superior sagittal sinus. <b>Results:</b> Postoperative recovery was favorable, with significant neurological improvement. The patient demonstrated resolution of hemiparesis and a marked reduction in seizure activity. The hypercoagulable state associated with Prothrombin G20210A mutation was identified as a contributing factor in the thrombosis of the AVM's draining vein, potentially leading to increased venous pressure, rupture, and hemorrhage. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case underscores the importance of recognizing thrombophilia in patients with AVMs for optimal surgical planning and complication management. Despite the challenges posed by the hypercoagulable condition, microsurgical resection proved to be a viable and effective treatment option. Further research is warranted to elucidate the relationship between thrombophilic disorders and AVMs to enhance patient management strategies and outcomes.