Diamond Open Access: A Viable Approach to Scholarly Communication

In the last twenty years, the Open Access (OA) movement has significantly altered the landscape of academic publishing, advocating for economic models such as transformative agreements and Article Processing Charges (APCs). However, the APC model has faced criticism due to its associated inequalities and questionable sustainability. As a result, the Diamond OA model has emerged as a more equitable and inclusive alternative, as it does not impose financial burdens on authors or readers. Instead, it relies on funding from grants and institutional support, thereby fostering bibliodiversity and enhancing accessibility. The viability of this model hinges on the collaborative use of shared resources and infrastructure, along with ongoing backing from research organizations and institutions. In Italy, despite the increasing prevalence of OA publications, the market continues to be dominated by both large and small commercial publishers. This situation highlights the urgent need for enhanced public support and the implementation of strategies aimed at financing and sustaining Diamond OA journals.