Effect of IGF1 on Myogenic Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells Through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

<b>Background</b>: Cultivated meat, an alternative to conventional meat, has substantial potential for alleviating environmental and ethical concerns. This method of manufacturing meat involves the isolation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) from donor animals, after which they proliferate in vitro and differentiate into primitive muscle fibers. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene regulates the myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (bSMSCs). <b>Methods</b>: bSMSCs isolated from newborn calves were cultured to the third generation in vitro and differentiated into myoblasts via the serum withdrawal method. An overexpression lentivirus and siRNA targeting the IGF1 gene were constructed and transduced into bSMSCs, which were subsequently analyzed via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blots. The mRNA and protein levels of the myogenic differentiation markers myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and myogenin (MyoG) were determined. <b>Results</b>: The results revealed that the lentivirus overexpressing the IGF1 gene significantly increased the expression of MyHC and MyoG, whereas the expression of both the MyHC and MyoG mRNAs and proteins was strongly reduced by si-IGF1. <b>Conclusions</b>: IGF1 positively regulates the myogenic differentiation of bSMSCs. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanism by which the IGF1 gene regulates the myogenic differentiation of bSMSCs via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and lays a foundation for establishing a regulatory network of bovine muscle growth and development.