Optimization of Second-Generation Biodiesel Blends to Enhance Diesel Engine Performance and Reduce Pollutant Emissions

In recent years, the global demand for energy has been continuously increasing. Biodiesel as a replacement for fossil fuels holds strategic importance for sustainable economic development, mitigating the environmental impact, and managing air pollution. The utilization of second-generation biodiesel has garnered significant research interest due to its physical and chemical characteristics that are comparable to diesel, its elevated cetane number, and its reduced viscosity. This study will transform the TBD234v6 fuel system, transforming the original diesel fuel system into a second-generation biodiesel/diesel hybrid fuel system. This study examined the impacts of second-generation biodiesel on combustion, performance, and emissions in diesel engines, as well as the influence of the deoxygenation rate on second-generation biodiesel. Grey decision-making was used to determine the optimal mixing ratio and deoxygenation rate. The results indicated that the optimal blend comprises 10% second-generation biodiesel and 90% diesel fuel. In dual-fuel mode at this blend ratio, there is a 3% increase in maximum pressure compared to running on pure diesel. Moreover, the fuel consumption rate decreases by approximately 5.6%. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and soot emissions decreased by 4.7% and 4.9%, respectively.