Generalized Chern–Pontryagin models
Abstract We formulate a new class of modified gravity models, that is, generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models, whose action is characterized by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$f(R, ^*RR)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Within this framework, we derive the gravitational field equations and solve them for the particular models, $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\alpha R^2+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , considering two ansatzes: the slowly rotating Schwarzschild metric and first-order perturbations of Gödel-type metrics. For the former, we find a first-order correction to the frame-dragging effect boosted by the parameter L , which characterizes the departures from general relativity results. For the latter, Gödel-type metrics hold unperturbed, for specific sort of perturbed metric functions. We conclude this paper by displaying that generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models admit a scalar-tensor representation, whose explicit form presents two scalar fields: $$\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a dynamical degree of freedom, while the second, $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a non-dynamical degree of freedom. In particular, the scalar field $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> emerges coupled with the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$\vartheta ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which is nothing more than Chern–Simons term.
Authors
- Paulo J. Porfírio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-3332)
- Ramires N. da Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9216-5141)
- A. Yu. Petrov
- Jose Roberto Nascimento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-9795)
Institutions
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2024-11-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13607-7
- Primary Topic
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba