Generalized Chern–Pontryagin models

Abstract We formulate a new class of modified gravity models, that is, generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models, whose action is characterized by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$f(R, ^*RR)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Within this framework, we derive the gravitational field equations and solve them for the particular models, $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\alpha R^2+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , considering two ansatzes: the slowly rotating Schwarzschild metric and first-order perturbations of Gödel-type metrics. For the former, we find a first-order correction to the frame-dragging effect boosted by the parameter L , which characterizes the departures from general relativity results. For the latter, Gödel-type metrics hold unperturbed, for specific sort of perturbed metric functions. We conclude this paper by displaying that generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models admit a scalar-tensor representation, whose explicit form presents two scalar fields: $$\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a dynamical degree of freedom, while the second, $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a non-dynamical degree of freedom. In particular, the scalar field $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> emerges coupled with the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$\vartheta ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which is nothing more than Chern–Simons term.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2024-11-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13607-7
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Generalized Chern–Pontryagin models

Paulo J. Porfírio, Ramires N. da Silva, A. Yu. Petrov, Jose Roberto Nascimento
The European Physical Journal C
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
article

Generalized Chern–Pontryagin models

Paulo J. Porfírio, Ramires N. da Silva, A. Yu. Petrov, Jose Roberto Nascimento
article en

Abstract

Abstract We formulate a new class of modified gravity models, that is, generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models, whose action is characterized by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$f(R, ^*RR)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Within this framework, we derive the gravitational field equations and solve them for the particular models, $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$f(R, ^*RR)=R+\alpha R^2+\beta ( ^*RR)^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>β</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , considering two ansatzes: the slowly rotating Schwarzschild metric and first-order perturbations of Gödel-type metrics. For the former, we find a first-order correction to the frame-dragging effect boosted by the parameter L , which characterizes the departures from general relativity results. For the latter, Gödel-type metrics hold unperturbed, for specific sort of perturbed metric functions. We conclude this paper by displaying that generalized four-dimensional Chern–Pontryagin models admit a scalar-tensor representation, whose explicit form presents two scalar fields: $$\Phi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a dynamical degree of freedom, while the second, $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , a non-dynamical degree of freedom. In particular, the scalar field $$\vartheta $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> </mml:math> emerges coupled with the Chern–Pontryagin topological term $$ ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , i.e., $$\vartheta ^*RR$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ϑ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which is nothing more than Chern–Simons term.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 84(11)
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.