Cancer Incidence and Mortality Patterns in Hemodialysis Patients: A Descriptive Study

Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a condition where the kidneys cease functioning, requiring renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. ESRD patients face numerous health challenges, including an elevated risk of developing malignancies. Factors contributing to this increased cancer risk include immune suppression, chronic inflammation, DNA repair deficiencies, and chronic viral infections. Objective This study aimed to describe the incidence and characteristics of malignancies, as well as associated risk factors, in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods This retrospective descriptive study included all patients receiving dialysis at the dialysis unit of our institution between 2012 and 2022 who were diagnosed with cancer. Cancer incidence and clinical characteristics were analyzed within this patient group. Results Out of 584 patients who underwent dialysis, 11 patients (2%) were diagnosed with cancer. The mean age of cancer patients was 76.5 years. Males accounted for 73% (n=8) of cancer cases. The most common malignancies identified were colorectal carcinoma (28%, n=3) and lung carcinoma (27%, n=3). Conclusion This study highlights the incidence of malignancies among ESRD patients on hemodialysis. Regular monitoring and early detection of malignancies in this high-risk population are crucial for improving outcomes.