Functional reserves and adaptive capabilities of the body in conditions of oxidative stress

The review is devoted to the problem of forming functional reserves and increasing the adaptive capabilities of the human body to the action of negative factors of various nature, including those accompanied by violations of the antioxidant status. Functional reserves are determined by the metabolic and bioenergetic capabilities of the body, as well as the possibility of interaction of organs and body systems for self-regulation and optimization of its physiological functions. The levels of functional reserves determine the body’s ability to adapt urgently or long-term. Oxidative stress is a non–specific pathogenetic process that develops as a result of a sharp increase in oxidative (free radical, peroxide) processes with insufficient functioning of the endogenous antioxidant system of the body. Almost all pathological conditions are more or less accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which determines the relevance and prospects of this study. Urgent and long-term compensatory mechanisms in oxidative stress are associated with the optimization of cellular energy supply and the state of the endogenous antioxidant system of the body, in which a special role belongs to the correction of mitochondrial disorders. Ensuring the functional capabilities of the body for urgent adaptation is possible using a complex of pharmacological preparations of multifunctional action based on antioxidants. Increasing the effectiveness of the formation of long-term adaptation is advisable due to the moderate and short-term effect of prooxidants on the body, for example, in widespread hypoxic training.