Integrating Emerging Technologies with Digital Twins for Heritage Building Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Approach with Expert Insights and Bibliometric Analysis

This review paper presents an interdisciplinary exploration of integrating emerging technologies, including digital twins (DTs), building information modeling (BIM), 3D laser scanning, machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT), in the conservation of heritage buildings. Through a comprehensive literature review spanning from 1996 to 2024, expert interviews, a bibliometric analysis, and content analysis, the study highlights a significant shift toward a preventive approach to conservation, focusing on less invasive methods to ensure long-term preservation. It highlights the revolutionary impact of detailed digital representations and real-time monitoring on enhancing conservation efforts. The findings underscore significant research gaps, such as the need for standardized information protocols and the integration of DTs with BIM, while pointing to the potential of AR and VR in enriching heritage experiences. The paper advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively harness these technologies, offering innovative solutions for the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage.