A SPH Model Bridging Solid‐ and Fluid‐Like Behaviour in Granular Materials

ABSTRACT We propose a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model bridging the gap between solid‐ and fluid‐like behaviour observed in granular materials. The key innovation of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of the stress gradient into rate‐independent and rate‐dependent parts, which are governed by the hypoplastic and constitutive relations, respectively. By using the proposed approach, we successfully capture the transition between solid‐ and fluid‐like flow regimes in granular materials. The proposed SPH scheme is rigorously validated through the examination of various boundary value problems, including the collapse of a granular column, Taylor–Couette flow, and silo flow.