Assessing the impact of CO2 emissions, food security and agriculture expansion on economic growth: a panel ARDL analysis

Climate change's effect on agriculture is a severe problem in every society, particularly in West Africa. The rising temperatures and extreme weather events have significant implications for food security. In this study, we examine the effects of CO2 emissions, agricultural advancements, and food availability on economic growth in West Africa from 1990 to 2020, using a panel ARDL approach with data from 14 countries. The analysis evaluates both long- and short-term effects, with the Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) estimator chosen as the most robust model. Results show no significant link between CO2 emissions and economic growth, while agriculture plays a key role, and food availability has mixed effects. The findings underscore the importance of sustainable agriculture and food security in promoting economic resilience in West Africa, offering insights for policymakers.