Impact of cognitive biases on environmental compliance risk perceptions in international construction projects

Based on the results, an innovative framework for evaluating ECRP was proposed. Additionally, a management strategy was developed to recognize and mitigate the cognitive biases of professionals during the bidding and execution phases of international construction projects. By clarifying the factors influencing cognitive biases and their complex relationship with ECRP, this research emphasizes the importance of addressing employee cognitive biases in conjunction with improving environmental awareness in environmental compliance management. It fills a crucial gap in the existing literature and offers international contractors strategies to reduce these biases, thereby enhancing their environmental protection capabilities and minimizing potential negative environmental impacts from international construction projects, which is vital for advancing sustainable development.