Waist-to-calf circumference ratio as a potential indicator of diabetes risk: results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic condition with substantial health and economic impacts. Therefore, effective and accessible indicators are essential for early detection and prevention. This study investigates the link between the waist-to-calf circumference ratio (WCR) and diabetes risk in a large cohort from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+ Study. The present investigation is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Diabetes was defined either as self-reported diagnosis, or fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL, or random plasma glucose equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL. The WCR was calculated by dividing waist circumference by calf circumference. A total population of 8900 participants (mean age 57.1 ± 14.8 years, 55% women) was included in the study. The prevalence of diabetes was 9.4%. Mean WCR displayed a significant trend (p for trend < 0.001), and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences among the normal, pre-diabetes, diabetes groups. Unadjusted logistic regression showed a positive association between higher WCR and diabetes, which remained significant in the adjusted models. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that WCR had a higher area under the curve compared to waist circumference alone, with cut-off values of 2.35 for men and 2.12 for women providing high sensitivity (91% for men, 92% for women) and specificity (74% for men, 75% for women). Our study introduces WCR as a novel, simple, and cost-effective anthropometric measure for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes, suitable for clinical use, especially in resource-limited settings.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2024-11-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79329-8
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.54

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article

Waist-to-calf circumference ratio as a potential indicator of diabetes risk: results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+

Giuseppe Colloca, Maria Vittoria Notari, Riccardo Calvani, Domenico Fusco et al.
1 citations
Scientific Reports
Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
0.54
article

Waist-to-calf circumference ratio as a potential indicator of diabetes risk: results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+

Giuseppe Colloca, Maria Vittoria Notari, Riccardo Calvani, Domenico Fusco, Federica D’Ignazio, Anna Maria Martone, Stefano Cacciatore, Donatella Romaniello, Emiliano Venditti, Francesca Simeoni, Rossella Giordano, Vincenzo Brandi, Chiara Zanchi, Luca Mariotti, M.E. Persia, Francesco Landi, Flavia Pirone, Michele Paudice, Clara Agostino, Roberto Bernabei, Damiano Biscotti, Matteo Tosato, Carla Recupero, Francesca Ciciarello, M.E. Finelli, Emanuele Marzetti, Claudia Massaro, Sara Salini, T. Giani, Marcella Macaluso, Mariaelena D’Elia, Vincenzo Galluzzo, Hélio José Coelho‐Júnior, Marcello Vaccarella, Anna Picca, Antonella Risoli, Barbara Russo, Daniele Elmi, Giulia Rubini, R. Labriola, Camilla Cocchi, Lucio Catalano, Stéphanie De Simoni, Simona Pompei, Rossella Montenero, M. D'Angelo, Claudia Massaro, Stefano Rizzo, Giordana Gava, Simone Goracci, F. Fontanella, Giulia Savera, Ciro Pollio Benvenuto, Elena Levati, Giulia Giordano, R Terranova, Elisabetta Serafini, S. A. Tupputi, Sabrina MR Satriano, Fiorella Ambrosio, Francis A. Cucinotta, C U Casciani, M. Bulla, Andrea Russo, Rosa Ragozzino, Gabriele Abbatecola, Francesca Banella, Ilaria Gattari, Francesca Giovanale, Silvia Ialungo, Luca Marrella, Annalise Serra Melechì, Chiara Taccone, Elena Tagliacozzi, Maria Zuppardo
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic condition with substantial health and economic impacts. Therefore, effective and accessible indicators are essential for early detection and prevention. This study investigates the link between the waist-to-calf circumference ratio (WCR) and diabetes risk in a large cohort from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 8+ Study. The present investigation is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Diabetes was defined either as self-reported diagnosis, or fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL, or random plasma glucose equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL. The WCR was calculated by dividing waist circumference by calf circumference. A total population of 8900 participants (mean age 57.1 ± 14.8 years, 55% women) was included in the study. The prevalence of diabetes was 9.4%. Mean WCR displayed a significant trend (p for trend < 0.001), and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences among the normal, pre-diabetes, diabetes groups. Unadjusted logistic regression showed a positive association between higher WCR and diabetes, which remained significant in the adjusted models. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that WCR had a higher area under the curve compared to waist circumference alone, with cut-off values of 2.35 for men and 2.12 for women providing high sensitivity (91% for men, 92% for women) and specificity (74% for men, 75% for women). Our study introduces WCR as a novel, simple, and cost-effective anthropometric measure for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes, suitable for clinical use, especially in resource-limited settings.

Scientific ReportsVol. 14(1)
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT), Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT), LUM Jean Monnet University (IT)
Ministero della Salute
Openalex Percentile: Top 27%
Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
0.54
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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