Effective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia: An Expert Opinion
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Croatia. Since most patients have multiple disorders and diseases caused largely by the same risk factors, and as it is essential to approach each patient as a person with all disorders, today, we are talking about a new paradigm-cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and cardio-renal-metabolic health, which necessarily includes brain health. Elevated systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, impaired renal function or chronic kidney disease, which all stem from insufficient physical activity, an unhealthy diet with excessive intake of table salt, and air pollution, are the leading causes of overall morbidity and mortality from CKM diseases, especially mortality from CVD. Experts from various fields key to CKM health have written this document with the aim of integrating it as part of the national plan for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases with a focus on CVD, which should become mandatory and be based on the existing guidelines of professional societies.
Authors
- Verica Kralj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-828X)
- Ivan Pećin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-6473)
- Krunoslav Capak
- Nikolina Bašić‐Jukić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-2758)
- Silvija Canecki-Varžić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-7915)
- Alen Ružić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5031-2975)
- Bojan Jelaković (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-4632)
- Ivana Brkić Biloš (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-8960)
- Valerija Bralić Lang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-1569)
- Branko Malojčić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4983-8301)
- Marija Bubaš
- Viktor Peršić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-5431)
- Ana Soldo
- Dario Rahelić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0646)
- Željko Reiner
- Ana Ljubas
- Ines Balint
- Tomislav Sokol
- Vili Beroš
- Davor Miličić
- Ivana Portolan Pajić
Institutions
- Croatian Chamber of Economy (HR)
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (HR)
- University of Rijeka (HR)
- University of Zagreb (HR)
- European Parliament (BE)
- Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo (HR)
- Catholic University of Croatia (HR)
- Klinička bolnica Merkur (HR)
- Ministry of Health (HR)
- University of Osijek (HR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Published
- 2024-11-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237028
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.01