The significance of the rs1050450 polymorphic variant of the glutathione peroxidase 1 gene in the structure of risk factors for the progression of coronary artery disease

Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) plays a crucial role in blocking the involvement of oxidative stress in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. A polymorphic variant rs1050450 is known, which may be associated with enzyme activity and thereby affect the progression of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Objective. To assess the association of the rs1050450 variant of the GPX1 gene with risk factors for the progression of IHD: carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the concentration of atherogenic lipoprotein fractions. Material and methods. The study included 168 patients with IHD, of whom 54.8% had a history of myocardial infarction (MI). Diabetes mellitus was identified in 29.8%, and glucose intolerance (GT) in 10.1% of patients. The rs1050450 variant (Pro200Leu, 599C > T) of the GPX1 gene was determined using TaqMan probes. Results. There were 141 patients with CC homozygotes and 27 patients with CT heterozygotes. TT homozygotes were absent in the sample. Among heterozygotes, the frequency of MI was lower than among CC homozygotes—37% vs. 58.2% (p = 0.043). Heterozygotes had lower levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared to homozygotes: 3.8 (3.4; 4.5) vs. 4.3 (3.7; 5.6) mmol/L (p = 0.047) and 1.9 (1.4; 2.3) vs. 2.5 (1.9; 3.3) mmol/L (p = 0.005), respectively. At the same time, the frequency of GT was higher among heterozygotes (22.2% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.023). Conclusion. Among patients with IHD, carriers of the CT genotype of the rs1050450 variant showed a lower frequency of MI but a higher incidence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Heterozygotes had lower levels of atherogenic LDL and total cholesterol.