BIOMATERIAIS EM ODONTOLOGIA: TÉCNICAS E INOVAÇÕES NO REPARO ÓSSEO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Biomaterials are those materials designed to be implanted or incorporated into the living system in order to replace or regenerate tissues and their functions. Classically, biomaterials are divided into four groups: polymers, metals, ceramics and natural materials. When two different materials are combined, a composite material is obtained, representing a fifth class of biomaterial. Mainly for the dental and orthopedic field, the use of metal implants and bone substitutes in reconstructive surgeries plays an important role in modern therapy. Biomaterials must be biocompatible, ideally osteoinductive, osteoconductive, osteopromoting, porous and mechanically compatible with the recipient bone to fulfill the desired role in bone tissue engineering. These materials provide cellular anchoring sites, mechanical stability and act as a structural guide, offering the interface to respond to physiological and biological changes, as well as remodeling the matrix that allows its integration into the recipient tissue.