Impact of Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Extracts on UVA-Irradiated on 3D Cultured Melanoma Cells: A Proteomic Insight

Melanoma is one of the most malignant forms of skin cancer, characterised by the highest mortality rate among affected patients. This study aims to analyse and compare the effects of lipid extracts from the microalgae <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i> (<i>N.o.</i>) and <i>Chlorococcum amblystomatis</i> (<i>C.a.</i>) on the intra and extracellular proteome of UVA-irradiated melanoma cells using a three-dimensional model. Proteomic analysis revealed that UVA radiation significantly increases the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins in melanoma cells. Treatment with algae extracts reduced these protein levels in both non-irradiated and irradiated cells. Furthermore, untreated cells released proteins responsible for cell growth and proliferation into the medium, a process hindered by UVA radiation through the promotion of pro-inflammatory molecules secretion. The treatment with algae extracts effectively mitigated UVA-induced alterations. Notably, UVA radiation significantly induced the formation of 4-HNE and 15-PGJ2 protein adducts in both cells and the medium, while treatment with algae extracts stimulated the formation of 4-HNE-protein adducts and reduced the level of 15-PGJ2-protein adducts. However, both algae extracts successfully prevented these UVA-induced modifications. In conclusion, lipid extracts from <i>N.o.</i> and <i>C.a.</i> appear to be promising agents in supporting anti-melanoma therapy. However, their potent protective capacity may limit their applicability, particularly following cells exposure to UVA.