Rhaponticin suppresses the stemness phenotype of gastric cancer stem-like cells CD133+/CD166 + by inhibiting programmed death-ligand 1

RA suppresses GCSC stem - like phenotype by inhibiting PD - L1 and enhancing T cell tumour infiltration in the studied models. These findings suggest that RA may have potential for further exploration as a candidate for GC treatment, but extensive preclinical and clinical studies are required to determine its true therapeutic value.