Full-field dynamic strain reconstruction of rotating compressor blades based on FBG sensors

Abstract Rotating compressor blades experience complex alternating loads during service, altering their stress–strain distributions and peak stress positions over time. Accurate measurement of these strains is crucial for identifying the areas of stress concentration. This paper presents a structural health monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to record dynamic strains on laboratory-scale rotating blades, and a tailored full-field strain reconstruction methodology, which successfully identifies the magnitude of the strains and the areas of stress concentration of the blades at different rotational speeds. First, dynamic strain at selected blade points was monitored using FBG sensors, with raw signal data enhanced by the empirical wavelet transform method to reduce noise and clarify signals. An analytical framework was developed to relate blade rotational velocity to signal period, enabling precise speed calculation and accurate strain analysis. The improved-Kriging interpolation technique was then used to reconstruct comprehensive strain profiles. A comparative analysis showed an average strain relative error of 7.4% between predicted and actual values, demonstrating the methodology’s robustness and precision.