Trends and Prospects of the Special Economic Zone in the Kaliningrad Region

The article analyses trends and prospects for the development of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Kaliningrad region. The research is based on current statistical data and sources, as well as a theoretical and methodological review of the principles and approaches to the use of SEZ. The article examines the key factors influencing the development of the SEZ, including the geographical location of the region, the investment climate, industry specialization and international economic relations. The dynamics of investments in fixed assets of the Kaliningrad region is presented, as well as the justification that an effective investment policy in the region contributed to the growth of gross regional output, significantly exceeding the growth rate of Russia's GDP. The preferences provided to SEZ resident companies in the Kaliningrad region are systematised. During the study period there was a constant increase in key indicators, which indicates the positive impact of the SEZ on the economic development of the region. The article high-lights the specific problems faced by the development of the SEZ in the medium term, such as geo-political risks, a shortage of highly qualified labor and the need to modernise infrastructure. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of the SEZ in the context of the changing economic situation and the challenges associated with international sanctions and economic restrictions. The results of the study represent a significant contribution to the development of SEZ development strategies in the Kaliningrad region, as well as to decision-making in the field of economic policy. The conclusions are important for the formation of effective measures and mechanisms that contribute to the sustainable and innovative development of the regional economy, as well as to overcome current challenges and use the opportunities provided for long-term growth.