Multifunctional Ti₃C₂@PDA/CuO₂ Nanoplatform for Synergistic Photothermal, Photodynamic and Photothermal-Enhanced Chemodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance has necessitated the development of innovative antibacterial strategies. In this study, a nanoplatform, Ti3C2@PDA/CuO2, was engineered to exploit the synergistic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation for the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Upon exposure to an 808 nm NIR laser and the application of hydrogen peroxide, the Ti3C2@PDA/CuO2 nanoplatform demonstrated robust PTT, PDT and significantly photothermal-enhanced CDT activities. This multimodal therapeutic approach resulted in a pronounced antimicrobial response, as evidenced by in vitro assays that showed an extraordinary reduction in the viability of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with efficacies of 98.5% and 99.5%, respectively. Our findings contribute significant insights into the design of synergistic antibacterial strategies and offer a promising avenue for the development of advanced antimicrobial interventions.