Changes in Tissue Oxidative Metabolism Predict the Severity of Disorders in the System of Blood and Bone Marrow Cells in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The progressive development of diabetes mellitus (DM2) in db/db mice is associated with three stages of impaired carbohydrate metabolism and redox processes. In db/db mice, the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leukocytes was found to decrease already in stage I of DM2. In the II and, in particular, III stages, an increase in platelets, percentage of neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils was observed, along with a decrease in lymphocytes. In the bone marrow of db/db mice, a decrease in the proportion of living cells and an increase in the number of damaged cells were determined already in stage I, but especially in stage III, mainly due to aponecrotic cells. Therefore, along with the progression of DM2 and a marked decrease in the effectiveness of redox processes, particularly in stage III, hematopoiesis processes are inhibited and disturbances in the ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte cell populations increase. This indicates the development of severe hypoxia, activation of a systemic inflammatory reaction, and inhibition of reparative processes that create conditions for the development of dangerous complications.