A Method for Automated Manufacturing of Ion-Selective Electrodes

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) play an important role in the field of electrochemical sensors and have a significant impact on future ion detection. At present, to address the sensor consistency issue in the commercialization process of ISE, we emphasize that automated manufacturing has the potential to achieve calibration-free sensors. First, the design of automated manufacturing requires expert experience to help understand the ISE mechanism and its structure. Then, we introduce two automated manufacturing processes for sensors to help understand the design and manufacturing process. Finally, we propose a device for semiautomated manufacturing of ISE and verify that automated manufacturing of ISE has better consistency and potential reproducibility than manual manufacturing of ISE. The results show that for the transduction layer (conductive graphite adhesive) coated automatically in the same batch, the impedance difference is 4.8 KΩ, while that of the manual batch is 36.6 KΩ. In the performance of cyclic voltammetry, the gap of peak current is reduced from 21.5 to 4.8 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i>A.