Genetic Predisposition to Hypertension in West Africa: Insights from Regional Studies

Hypertension is a major public health concern in West Africa, with prevalence rates higher than the global average. This review explores the genetic predisposition to hypertension in the region by synthesizing findings from regional studies. While environmental factors like diet, obesity, and urbanization significantly contribute to hypertension, genetic factors play a critical role in the susceptibility to this condition. West African populations, known for a high prevalence of salt sensitivity, demonstrate familial clustering of hypertension, suggesting strong genetic underpinnings. Key genetic markers identified include variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sodium-handling genes, and genes affecting vascular tone. These genetic predispositions, in interaction with environmental factors such as high sodium intake and obesity, exacerbate hypertension risk. The review underscores the importance of understanding these genetic factors to develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies, which can lead to more personalized healthcare approaches for managing hypertension in West Africa. Keywords: Hypertension, Genetic predisposition, West Africa, Salt sensitivity.