Prevalence and Pathology of Endoparasitic Infections of Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) in Taiwan

Pigeon racing is popular in Taiwan, but most lofts are located on residential roofs or in attics, which means pigeons could potentially spread parasites to humans. It is necessary to investigate the prevalence and diversity of endoparasitic infections in pigeons. This study investigated endoparasitic infections in 301 pigeons (both loft-kept racing and feral pigeons) in Taiwan using gross and histopathological examinations. The identified endoparasites included Trichomonas spp. (30.2%, 91/301); Ascaridia spp. (22.3%, 67/301); Haemoproteus spp. (20.6%, 62/301); Eimeria spp. (11.0%, 33/301); Capillaria spp. (7.3%, 22/301); Hexamita spp. (6.0%, 18/301); Raillietina spp. (4.7%, 14/301); Heterakis spp. (2%, 6/301); and Dispharynx sp., Paratanaisia sp., and Trypanosoma sp. (0.3% each, 1/301). Data analysis showed that the prevalence of parasitic infections was significantly higher in feral pigeons than in loft-kept racing pigeons, particularly for infections caused by Trichomonas, Raillietina, and Ascaridia spp. (p Ascaridiawas observed in the pancreas and pancreatic ducts of pigeons for the first time in this study. Despite intensive anthelmintic use, endoparasitic infections were still present in loft-kept racing pigeons. Developing more effective strategies to manage and control parasites in pigeon populations is essential for safeguarding the health and well-being of the birds.