Environmental Impacts of the São Francisco River Transposition in the Municipalities of São João do Rio do Peixe – PB, Santa Helena – PB, and Ipaumirim – CE

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the positive and negative impacts of the São Francisco River Transposition in the municipalities of São João do Rio do Peixe – PB, Santa Helena – PB, and Ipaumirim – CE. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework addresses the concept of environmental impact, as defined by CONAMA Resolution 01/1986, which characterizes impacts as any alteration caused by human activities on the environment. The theories of Milaré (2002) and Peralta (1997) help classify these impacts into direct, indirect, positive, and negative, as well as discuss their duration and reversibility. These conceptual foundations are essential for analyzing the socio-environmental effects of the São Francisco River transposition. Method: The methodology adopted for this research is an exploratory and descriptive study, utilizing a qualitative approach. In the development of this study, a visual approach was employed to document the observed situation, using photographic records along the stretch of the São Francisco River project. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the São Francisco River Integration Project (PISF) aims to meet the water demand in the Brazilian semi-arid region, promising socioeconomic improvements for a region historically affected by adverse climatic conditions. The analysis of positive impacts highlights the vital role of the São Francisco River in regional development, particularly for water supply, agriculture, and energy generation. However, the evaluation of negative impacts reveals challenges, such as deforestation, the use of explosives, and the relocation of communities, resulting in significant environmental damage. Mitigation measures, environmental protection, and continuous monitoring are proposed to address these challenges. Research Implications: The findings highlight the importance of incorporating preventive and corrective measures in the execution of large projects, such as river transposition, to minimize ecological and social damage. Additionally, the research can influence urban and rural planning practices, environmental preservation, and public policies aimed at sustainable regional development. Originality/Value: This study provides an analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the São Francisco River transposition. The originality lies in its approach, which considers both the positive and negative effects.