Guidelines for the management of hypertension in CKD patients: where do we stand in 2024?

Until recently, major bodies producing guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) disagreed in some key issues. In June 2023, the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) published the new 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension a document that was endorsed by the European Renal Association. Several novel recommendations relevant to the management of hypertension in patients with CKD appeared in these guidelines, which have been updated to reflect the latest evidence-based practices in managing hypertension in CKD patients. Most of these are in general agreement with the previous 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines-some reflect different emphasis on some topics (i.e. detailed algorithms on antihypertensive agent use) while others reflect evolution of important evidence in recent years. The aim of the present review is to summarize and comment on key points and main areas of focus in patients with CKD, as well as to compare and highlight the main differences with the 2021 KDIGO Guidelines for the management of blood pressure in CKD.