Gender Effect on Oral Mucosa Epithelium in Blood Disease Patients

Background blood diseases could affect different body tissues including oral mucosa.These diseases could vary in their cytological expression between males and females.Objectives to evaluate early detection of blood disease could be obtained by cytology.Materials and Methods Eighty-two patients 41 female and 41 male with blood diseases including malignancies were selected for this study.Oral exfoliated cytology was used to detect changes in the oral mucosa using Gemisa stain.A microscopical examination was performed to detect 3 main cytological parameters which were cell-shedding clusters, binucleated cells and inflammatory background.Results The highest frequency in the female group was with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia(ALL) at 30.2% and the most affected age group was (21-30) counting 12.1% while in the male group was also acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) at 42.9% and the affected age group was (11-20) counting 11.9%.For the cytological changes; in the female group; 100% of the cell cluster was seen in pancytopenia, pericardial infection and multiple myeloma(MM).While in the male group; 100% of cell clusters were seen in non-Hodjken lymphoma(NHL), aplastic anaemia, pancytopenia and splenectomy.Binucleuos feature was in the female group as100% showed binucleation in acute myeloid leukaemia(AML), pancytopenia, hypoplasia anaemia and pericardial infection, while in the male group; 100% of pancytopenia, Burkitt lymphoma, and mycosis.For inflammatory background;100% was seen in pancytopenia and pericardial infection female group.There was a significant correlation between cluster and binucleation in the male group, while there were highly significant correlations between binucleation and inflammatory background in the female group.Conclusion Blood diseases affect oral mucosal epithelium and using oral cytology could be very helpful for the early detection of these diseases and could be lifesaving