Roles of Response Regulators in the Two-Component System in the Formation of Stress Tolerance, Motility and Biofilm in Salmonella Enteritidis

Two-component systems (TCS) of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis are composed of a histidine kinase and a response regulator (RR) and represent a critical mechanism by which bacteria develop resistance to environmental stress. Here, we characterized the functions of RRs in TCS in the formation of stress tolerance, motility and biofilm using twenty-six <i>S</i>. Enteritidis RR-encoding gene deletion mutants. The viability results unraveled their essential roles in resistance to elevated temperature (GlrR), pH alterations (GlrR, TctD, YedW, ArcA and YehT), high salt (PhoB, BaeR, CpxR, PhoP, UvrY and TctD), oxidative stress (PhoB, YedW, BaeR, ArcA, PhoP, UvrY, PgtA and QseB) and motility (ArcA, GlnG, PgtA, PhoB, UhpA, OmpR, UvrY and QseB) of <i>S</i>. Enteritidis. The results of the crystal violet staining, microscopy observation and Congo red binding assays demonstrated that the absence of ArcA, GlnG, PhoP, OmpR, ZraR or SsrB in <i>S</i>. Enteritidis led to a reduction in biofilms and an impairment in red/dry/rough macrocolony formation, whereas the absence of UvrY exhibited an increase in biofilms and formed a brown/smooth/sticky macrocolony. The results indicated the regulatory effects of these RRs on the production of biofilm matrix, curli fimbriae and cellulose. Our findings yielded insights into the role of TCSs, making them a promising target for combating <i>S</i>. Enteritidis.