Singular Perturbation Strategy based on Super-Twisting Control: Application to an EV powered by FC-SC

Energy management poses a significant challenge in the Electric Vehicle (EV) system powered by Fuel Cell (FC) and SuperCapacitor (SC). The algorithm has to coordinate the energy sources, precisely, the time of depletion, quantity of energy, and, for some, recuperation of its energy. To guarantee an efficient power split, the article proposes a novel control design with a strong focus on the time constants that split the system into three time scales and resolve the non-minimum phase problem. The design applies the Singular Perturbation (SP) approach, which exploit the Super Twisting (ST) algorithm for the fast dynamic, to create the first time scale, considered the fastest. Two other slower time scales are designed using trivial Proportional (P) control algorithms with different time constants. These aim to create a slow loop (to protect the FC from power/current fluctuations) and a fast loop (to fully utilize the SC source during power fluctuations and recuperation/charging). Simulations are conducted to highlight the performances of the proposed strategy.